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Tuesday, 01 November 2011 19:44

Engine goes quiet over Tiger Country

Written by  Rotax Owner

As a recent convert from GA flying, I did a lot of research before eventually deciding to purchase a Tecnam P92 Echo Super with a rotax 912ULS (100hp). One peculiarity of the Tecnam is that it has a tank in each wing, with surplus fuel returned to the left tank, and during my familiarisation training I had been warned that it was possible when flying with full tanks that fuel could be pumped overboard via the left tank overflow.


This could be devastating to your fuel calculations on a long trip. The Tecnam is fitted with a valve for each tank on the relevant door frame, so it is a simple matter to turn off the right tank during post takeoff checks, so that all fuel is drawn from the left until the level is reduced enough to prevent losing fuel overboard.

Related Video: Checking fuel pressure 912, Carburetor Synchronization

Related Technical Articles: Carburetor troubleshooting


I had owned this plane for about three weeks, and decided to travel from my temporary base in Port Macquarie to Horsham via Mildura. On the first leg I departed for Scone with full tanks leaving a nice Fuel buffer in addition to the normal VFR reserves, as I was still convincing myself what normal fuel burn looked like in this aircraft. Being a current PPL, and having a mode C transponder on board, I climbed for 8500ft, as I was heading directly over the Great Dividing Range, real tiger country. I religously performed normal cockpit checks throughout the first 45 minutes, and when the left tank was indicating about 3/4 full reached over to turn the tank back on, and continued with my other routine.


A couple minutes later the noise just stopped without warning, the prop windmilling in the breeze.

Taking a luxurious second to swear loudly, I began slowing to best glide and heading for a landing spot, I had preselected as a part of the normal tiger country routine. The spot I selected was a bit of a clearing on a fairly steep looking slope deep in a valley, hopefully it would be survivable.

As the aircraft had a bit of speed to wash off, I began the first run through the emergency checklist including changing the tank selection as a matter of course. When I completed the checklist for the first time, I focused on retrimming for the glide speed, and just got this set when the engine miraculously sprang back to life, running like a swiss watch.

After circling for a while, within reach of this admittedly dubious landing field (but the best option that was nearby) I got my heart rate back to normal and had a think about what had happened. As you've probably already guessed I had turned the left tank off instead of the right tank on during my routine checks, meaning there was no fuel flow to the engine. Once I had established this was definately what had happened I continued on to Scone for a coffee and a walk around the field, to allow me to appreciate ground that was not looking to kill me, and allow some new found wisdom to sink in.

How do I do things differently now? I have worked out that the fuel cocks point along the door frame when they are turned on, and across the frame when turned off. I also now put my hand on the valve, then pause and cross check before altering the setting, and monitor the fuel pressure instrument for a couple of minutes after touching anything to do with fuel.

What else did I learn? Rushing routine checks is not a smart idea, slow down and do them properly. I had spent time sitting in the aircraft on the ground, after taking delivery, with the Pilot Operating Handbook and hand written all the checklists, doing slight modifications along the way, to improve the logical progression through my specific panel, especially the emergency checks. I then repeated them on the ground until they were committed to muscle memory. This time really paid off when I had to do it for real. The training I have received, both from instructors and myself did kick in automagically, I didn't have to think about it, as it was just a drill, with the pass mark being survival.

Although I only lost about 100ft during this event, in my mind I had a real engine failure, and the emergency checks saved my bacon.

The sound of a smoothly running rotax is a sweet sound indeed these days.

This story was submitted by an anonymous user for the purpose of passing on information which might help someone else. Rotax-Owner has no affiliation with the writer nor takes any responsibility for accuracy or technical content.

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Comments  

 
0 # Surpluss fuel systemTrevor Doig 2011-11-04 01:09
A Rotax owner I know has changed the Rotax idea of returning unused fuel to a wing tank. He put a fitting on top of the gascalator and returns fuel to that. It has worked fine for 350 hours. I am considering doing this to my Tecnam Echo. However, interestingly, with both tanks on I use more fuel out of the left tank. Perhaps I fly out of balance, but I do try to keep level. Trevor, New Zealand
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0 # Fuel ReturnAngelica CeceƱa 2011-11-04 02:13
I am an A&P mechanic with many years of experience with Rotax engines. The main reason of fuel return (maybe the only one)is to keep gasoline circulating within the engine comparment at any RPM rating, specially when the airplane in on the ground and inside cowling temperatures will cause gas bubbles to form inside the fuel lines making the gas pump to fail.
Instead returning the fuel to the tanks I install a small gas collector, as far as practical from the firewall, inside the fuselage. The gas tank (or tanks) discharge here and feed the engine from this small tank.I connect the return gas line here too but before I do I make a coil with this return line with no less than three turns and no less than 6" in diameter. This coil keeps the fuel cool enough and you don't have to mess with fuel tanks return lines. I've been using this method successfully for more than ten years. Enrique Sanchez,MEXICO
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0 # Surplus fuel issueSkip Degan 2011-11-04 09:21
Seems kind of onerous to have to go through any non-approved modification. What does Rotax or Tecnam have to say?
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0 # Gascolator Recirculation lineRoger Lee 2011-11-04 12:44
It is fairly common to see the recirculation line plumbed either back to a wing fuel line and as of about 5 years ago into the top of the gascolator. Flight Design has been plumbing them into the top of the gascolator for at least that long. It works very well and is easy to plumb. You install a fitting on the fuel assembly setup that is mounted on the carb balance tube and then down to the top of the gascolator. There is an extra port on the fuel assembly fitting. It makes for a nice clean easy installation.

p.s.
Make sure your fuel lines are fire sleeved.
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0 # Separate Fuel Valves? Richard, KenyaRichard Lamprey 2011-11-05 07:35
It seems to me that any aircraft with two (or more tanks), with separate on-
/off selector for each, is vulnerable. Ie that in certain sequence of events/ assumptions, both can be accidentally off. Why not have a single selector, like a Cessna 182, left, right or both?
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0 # P92 tank imploadsLouis Mancuso 2011-11-06 13:42
I have a P92 Eaglet that has had fuel problems. I have had my tank impload due to a kink in the platic vent line. The plane was being operated on one tank when this occurred. I have on numerous occasions filled the tanks, only to find one tank at half the next day. I learned that if parked on an incline, fuel will drain from one tank to the other and then overboard. I have also found water in the fuel that came in from the fuel caps that were not tight enough.
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0 # P92 Prop WindmillingDavid Sussman 2011-11-07 20:46
Normally a Rotax 912 will not windmill at normal LSA cruise speeds, unless the slipper clutch is badly worn, or full of lead. In case of an engine failure--lack of fuel, one would have to use the electric starter to get going again. It would be interesting to discuss this with "Anonymous"
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0 # Put non return tank valve on 1/2 closed positionFergus McDonnell 2011-11-17 19:29
I fly a Pipistrel Sinus with a valve for each tank and the fuel return going to the left tank. The manual used to say to keep the right valve closed until you had used half the left tank. I did that until the engine stopped over a city. I certainly did a lot less than the writer above in the first second. This method of opening the second tank when the other tank half empty is not great. If you are flying on low revs the fuel will flow across to the other tank quite quickly as the return will be greater.
I now fly with the non return tank valve half closed. Never had the engine stop since.
On two other points in the above story, I cannot get the engine to turn over even at VNE with the engine stopped and, maybe it is not a good idea to wait for the speed to come back to best glide in an aircraft like the Tecnam because it is quite clean. Pull back if you have your wits about you and convert that speed into height.
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